APR-MAY 2026 OBT356-LIFESTYLE DISEASES AU QP PART A (10 x 2=20 marks) 1. Define obesity. Obesity is a chronic medical condition characterized by an excessive or abnormal accumulation of body fat that poses a risk to health, typically clinically defined by a Body Mass Index (BMI) of \(30kg/m2) or higher. 2. Mention two types of diabetes mellitus. Ø Type 1 Diabetes: An autoimmune disorder where the immune system destroys insulin-producing pancreatic cells, causing an absolute insulin deficiency. Ø Type 2 Diabetes: A metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, where the body's cells fail to respond effectively to insulin. 3. State biomarkers. Biomarkers (biological markers) are objectively measured, quantifiable indicators of a biological state, pathogenic process, or pharmacological response to a therapeutic intervention (e.g., blood glucose or cholesterol levels). 4. List any two causes of lung cancer. Ø Tobacco Smoking: The pr...
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